* This proclamation was made as a response to the massacre of the peaceful people of Banu Khuza‘a, who, according to the Treaty of Hudaybiya, were allies of the state of Medina. The Quraysh supported the people of Banu Bakr with arms and men in launching a murderous attack on Banu Khuza‘a. As a result of this act, many innocent people were killed, while others were persecuted, tortured and detained. This act of breaching the Treaty of Hudaybiya absolved the state of Medina from all obligations. Hence, verses 1–16 were revealed in this historical context, referring to a specific event, and do not apply to non-Muslims in general.